عواصم مصر... الاسكندرية Alexandria ... Capital of land and sea

In Alexander's way of invading the East he drew his attention to the spot of an area separating the Mediterranean from Lake Mariott.

Alexander thought carefully that this spot had a specific level to reach drinking water through this spot. Of the city and living in this area.

Alexander founded Alexandria in 331 BC, a Greek city. Over time, it has become the largest city in the Mediterranean basin. The activities of the city of Riyadh on a coastal strip in northwest Egypt, planned (Dinocrates) commissioned by Alexander to be located next to an old village of fishermen 

was called Rakota.

The city bore the name of the young emperor and soon gained its fame after quickly becoming a cultural, political and economic center, especially when it became the capital of the Ptolemaic rule.

 The construction of the city was an extension of the cities of Pharaonic cities that existed at the time and have their religious, cultural and commercial fame. The start of construction Kdahih cities Hirklaon and CANOPUS and Mentos. Alexandria Alexandria was characterized by the military as the city of the Greek soldiers and the days of the Greek Ptolemies turned into a royal city with its gardens and white marble columns and wide streets overlooking the sea and south east east port, which was called the big port compared to the building Heraklion at Abu Bakr on the mouth of one of the branches Nile that has ceased

 The new city has acquired this fame from its prestigious university and its scientific complex "Musayyun" and the library, which was the first real research institute in history and its lighthouse, which became one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Her scientists have taken to revealing the nature of the universe and have come to understand many natural forces. They studied physics, astronomy, geography, engineering, mathematics, natural history, medicine, philosophy and literature. Among them are the archaeologists Euclid, the world of engineering taught by Archimedes. There are Apollonius and Herophilus in the science of medicine and anatomy, Galenus in pharmacy and Eratosthenis in the science of geography, Climacus and Theocritus in poetry and literature Philon and Plato in philosophy and others who formed the thought and civilization of the ancient world.

The researchers found traces of ancient Alexandria and Abu Qir under the 2,500-year-old soaked ruins of Pharaonic-Greek cities. And do not know until now only through the arrival of the narrated by the historians of the traveler or the legends and legends ancient Greek. The ancient cities of Heraklion and Montes were near the ancient city of Alexandria and are currently at a depth of 8 meters in Abu Qir Bay. Heraklion was a commercial port overlooking the mouth of the Nile branch, which was called the Canopus branch. The city of Mentes was a sacred religious city where the worship of Isis and Serapis was held. The two cities sank in the waters of the Mediterranean Sea at the depth of the result of earthquakes or flood of the Nile. This port of Heraklion Pharaonic was famous for its temples and flourishing commercially because it was the most important Pharaonic merchant port on the Mediterranean Sea. Exploration missions discovered the sites of the three ancient heritage cities of Heraklion, Canopus and Minotis. I found houses and tempels and statais. For the first time, the French expedition finds evidence of these cities, which were famous for their temples, which belong to the goddesses Isis, Osiris and Serapis, making it a pilgrimage area and holy 

shrines.

The port of Heraklion remained prosperous until 

Alexandre built Alexandria and the French scientist Franck Jude. The head of the international research team on the effects of maritime inspection at a depth of 20 - 30 feet in this area for two years, using the first of the two cities on these cities and used modern detectors and imaging to portray the map of the bottom where discovered pillars of granite under the sand in the bottom.

 "This is the most important discovery in the history of finding marine traces," says Gudio, commenting on the city of Heraklion. The team used the latest equipment, including the magnetic waves to map the underwater site between 1999 and 2000. At a press conference last June, some of the findings were found and photographed in front of the world. The team found Pharaoh's head and a curly hairstyle with a chin of the god Sarsapis and a long headless statue of granite of the goddess Isis, two ancient Pharaonic gods.

In 1995, a French team, assisted by an Egyptian team of divers, surveyed a two-and-a-half-meter-high topography of the Qaitbay castle. They found thousands of artifacts submerged under the columns of the citadel, among them crowns, bases, statues, and pharaonic, Greek and Roman ruins. The walls of the wall were built in the north of the castle and each block weighed between 50 and 70 tons. It is said to be the remains of the ancient Alexandria lighthouse that had been destroyed by an earthquake in the 14th century and a statue of King Ptolemy II was found. It is said that this statue was erected in front of the lighthouse of Alexandria, which was destroyed in 1341

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Treasures of the city

The Egyptians were living around the Greek village of Karuda (Kom Dikka) inside the city. The Greeks were fascinated by Pharaonic art. Three statues of Ptolemy were found in Pharaonic mode, 28 sphinxes, many descendants, and some Pharaonic works. The Ptolemaic was taken from the city of Heliopolis and adorned with the headquarters of the Pharaonic worship of Ra. Gian Embreer, director of research at the French National Research Center, said that the team found a marble plate with five Greek alphabets (alpha, rho, tau, sigma and omega). Each letter is 30 centimeters high and only remains with holes in it. Marble. These five letters are not enough to know what is written on the painting. But an American student has been able to identify this historical painting and it turns out to be a manuscript of the construction of the Alexandria Manar. The statues that were erected in front of their base were the Ptolemaic kings in the form of pharaohs to say that they are not only masters of Alexandria but of all of Egypt. Every visitor to Alexandria from the sea had to pass in front of these statues. Among them were statues of queens in the form of Isis the Egyptian goddess. He pointed out in his speech that the statues of the Sphinx were found. Each of them was a king of the pharaohs. Each of which differs in size and the stone material from which it was made. Some of them were granite or quartz and these statues were brought to adorn Alexandria or to be taken for construction.